Public engagement activities are creating an open dialogue with scientists on societal issues such as global climate change. Science education initiatives have laid the groundwork for standards-based learning and provide web-based support tools for teachers. Science and policy programs include the major annual forum on Science & Technology policy, S&T policy fellowships within the US Congress and government agencies, and the tracking of US funding for R&D research. Global efforts include programs and partnerships worldwide, from Asia to Europe to Africa, and extensive work in human rights using geospatial technology to corroborate abuses. The mission, to "advance science, engineering, and innovation throughout the world for the benefit of all people," has propelled the organization to the forefront of national and international initiatives. The corona cannot be seen with the naked eye except during a total solar eclipse, or with the use of a coronagraph.AAAS, founded in 1848, has evolved into the world's largest multidisciplinary scientific society with nearly 130,000 members and subscribers. The temperature in the corona is 500,000 kelvin (900,000☏, 500,000☌) or more, up to a few million K. Transition Region - A very narrow (60 miles / 100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 kelvin (14,000 to 900,000☏, 7700 to 500,000☌).Ĭorona - The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun, starting at about 1300 miles (2100 km) above the solar surface (the photosphere). So in this layer (and higher layers) it actually gets hotter if you go further away from the Sun, unlike in the lower layers, where it gets hotter if you go closer to the centre of the Sun. The temperature in the chromosphere varies between about 4000 kelvin at the bottom (the so-called temperature minimum) and 8000 kelvin at the top (6700 and 14,000☏, 37☌). Most of the photosphere is covered by granulation.Ĭhromosphere - A layer in the Sun between about 250 miles (400 km) and 1300 miles (2100 km) above the solar surface (the photosphere). The temperature in the photosphere varies between about 6500 K at the bottom and 4000 kelvin at the top (11,0☏, 62☌). It reaches from the surface visible at the centre of the solar disk to about 250 miles (400 km) above that. Photosphere - The deepest layer of the Sun that we can observe directly. The outer layers of the Sun are the Photosphere, the Chromosphere, the Transition Region and the Corona. They show a region 51,000 miles (82,500 kilometers) across at a resolution of 11 miles (18km). In some of the images, astronomers have overlaid the Earth for scale. These images of the chromosphere – which extends for about 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) above the visible surface of the sun – were taken on June 3 this year. 'Its insights will transform how our nation, and the planet, predict and prepare for events like solar storms.' 'NSF's Inouye Solar Telescope is the world's most powerful solar telescope that will forever change the way we explore and understand our sun,' said NSF Director, Sethuraman Panchanathan. It started construction in 2013 and is said to have cost around $344 million (£300 million). National Solar Observatory (NSO) released the images this week in celebration of the recent inauguration of the telescope, which is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF). Inouye Solar Telescope, the world's most powerful solar telescope on the island of Maui, Hawaii. National Solar Observatory's new images were taken by the Daniel K. Also seen are golden cell-like structures – each about the size of Texas – packed together like a honeycomb, which are the signature of violent motions that transport heat from inside the sun to its surface.
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